The Intro

No song sums up the dawning of a new decade and changing times like Video Killed the Radio Star. It heralded the video age, with MTV choosing it to kick the channel off. And it introduced the world to one of the best producers of the 80s.

Before

Trevor Charles Horn was born 15 July 1949 in Hetton Le Hole, Houghton le Spring, County Durham. The second of four children, Horn’s father was a semi-professional musician, who taught him how to play the basics of double bass when he was only eight. He also learnt the recorder at school, but by the mid-60s he loved The Beatles, Bob Dylan and The Rolling Stones. By then, Horn had already been in a group, The Outer Limits, as a guitarist, but after leaving school he worked at a rubber factory and spent two evenings a week as a Dylan-style singer. He even had his songs played on BBC Radio Leicester.

Horn moved to London at 21 and became a session musician, producing jingles and recording with rock groups. He also featured in Ray McVay’s big band, appearing on the BBC’s Come Dancing. Three years later, Horn was becoming increasingly interested in production. He became involved in the completion of a recording studio in Leicester and subsequently produced there, among others, Leicester City FC.

By 1976, Horn was back in London and joined the touring band for the disco singer Tina Charles as her bassist. Her keyboardist was Geoffrey Downes.

Downes, born 25 August 1952 in Stockport, Cheshire, had musical parents, who played piano. He followed in their footsteps, taking up keyboards in several local bands. He studied at Leeds College of Music and then moved to London for session work on jingles. Downes then featured in the group She’s French, before meeting Charles and Horn.

Horn briefly became Charles’s boyfriend, and he studied the techniques of her producer, Biddu, who made her number 1 single, I Love to Love (But My Baby Loves to Dance). Also in the touring band was guitarist Bob Woolley, and Horn, Downes and Woolley found they shared a mutual interest in Kraftwerk’s The Man-Machine album. The trio talked about the future of pop, and imagined a time when there would be a record label without any human artists, just a computer in a basement with one man creating groups and songs on his computer. One such group would be called The Buggles, perhaps, in a reference to The Beatles.

The trio began recording demos above a stonemason’s. One song, Video Killed the Radio Star, was written in an hour one afternoon in 1978. Largely by Horn and Woolley, the latter was the man behind the infectious chorus. A demo was recorded, with Charles on vocals. Perhaps in part due to her star power and the fact Downes’ girlfriend worked for Island Records, the label decided to sign them. Of course, it could have just been that they recognised a bloody good song when they heard it.

As The Buggles, the trio began recording the album The Age of Plastic six months after their debut single had been written. But Woolley, who had also co-written Clean, Clean and On TV, decided to form a different new wave group. The Camera Club also featured Thomas Dolby, and their version of Video Killed the Radio Star was released before the more famous version. Without Horn and Downes’s production, The Camera Club version was rougher around the edges and not a patch on The Buggles version, but it’s a decent enough curio.

Meanwhile, The Buggles more complex version needed time to get right, and took more than three months work in the studio. Downes contributed a new intro and middle eight and the verses were extended. The instrumental track was recorded at Virgin Records’ Town House in West London in 12 hours. Mixing and the vocals were put together at Sarm East Studio.

In addition to Horn on bass and lead vocal, Downes provided synthesisers and percussion. Paul Robinson was on drums, Dave Birch played lead guitar and Debi Doss and Linda Jarmin provided the backing vocals. The song was mixed by Gary Langan, who later recalled it took forever, in part due to Horn’s obsession with the sound of the bass drum and the vocals. To achieve the old radio effect of Horn’s vocal, featuring a clipped accent akin to the type of singers heard back in the first days of the singles chart in 1952, his voice was compressed and played through a Vox amplifier.

Review

I’ve always enjoyed and been fascinated by Video Killed the Radio Star, dating back to seeing the video as a child. Due to Horn’s ‘mad scientist’ appearance, the female backing singers and the production used on Horn’s vocal, you can be fooled into thinking it’s nothing more than a catchy but possibly annoying novelty song. But of course there’s more to it than that. The Buggles are at once looking to the future of music and mourning its replacing of the past. Woolley, Horn and Downes certainly predicted well – video did become incredibly important in the early 80s, and it was inevitable that the fledgling MTV picked it to mark its debut on 1 August 1981. Videos have become more common in this blog of late, and once I reach the 80s, most number 1 singles will have one.

For this song, the video is almost as important was the song itself. Written, directed and edited by Australian Russell Mulcahy, it was filmed in South London in a day. A young girl, who wears a rather creepy, deadpan expression, fiddles with a 50s-style radio, before a black-and-white Horn appears holding the type of mic held by the likes of trad-pop singers in the formative years of the charts. The radio explodes and suddenly we’re transported to the future. The Buggles perform in an all-white studio while a woman in a futuristic outfit and wig cavorts in a clear plastic tube. The all-white studio is a regular feature of late-70s, early-80s videos – was it a deliberate style choice or was it done to save money? The weird camera angles and generally odd demeanour of everyone definitely freaked me out as a young boy, but there was no denying the quality of the song. Oh, and famous film composer Hans Zimmer makes a brief appearance too.

Horn’s vocal is of course comical, but it adds colour to the song and recalls the days of yore when singers and radio announcers really did talk like that. The new wave vocals of Doss and Jarmin are a great counterpoint, with the production making them swirl and stand out when listening on headphones. Although the production and video certainly embrace the future, the lyrics to Video Killed the Radio Star suggest otherwise, and profess a wish to hold back time and see ‘VTR’ as the enemy (not VCR, as I thought until googling the lyrics). I love the pause and ghostly echo before ‘You are the radio star’, and you get more of the melancholy behind the song with the coda that comes at the end of the album version. Although The Buggles may not have had the star power to be remembered for more than one song, it’s clear from Video Killed the Radio Star that Horn was going to be a brilliant producer in the years ahead.

After

Video Killed the Radio Star went to number 1 in many European countries and Australia, but only scraped into the US chart at 40. The debut Buggles LP, The Age of Plastic, was released in January 1980 and peaked at 27 in the UK. Their second single, Living in Plastic, climbed to 16, then Clean Clean reached 38. It was the last chart action the duo had.

As The Buggles set to work on their next album, the prog rock band Yes were in the next-door studio. Their vocalist Jon Anderson and keyboardist Rick Wakeman had left during the sessions and they had yet to find replacements. Horn in particular was a big Yes fan, so Horn replaced Anderson, Downes was the new keyboardist, and The Buggles worked on the new Yes LP, Drama. Although the album performed well, many hardcore Yes fans weren’t keen on the new line-up, and Yes were booed during the accompanying tour. They split up that December.

The Buggles reconvened in January 1981 to begin second album Adventures in Modern Recording. However, Downes had decided to join the new supergroup, Asia. On the first day of recording with Horn, he quit The Buggles.

Horn soldiered on alone and Adventures in Modern Recording was released that November. It was a flop, but many of the studio techniques he adopted over the next few years were introduced here, including the use of sampling thanks to the Fairlight CMI. Without a band to help out, he enlisted Sheffield New Romantics ABC (by then he was working on their classic album Lexicon of Love). Their performance on Dutch TV to promote the single Lenny marked the end of The Buggles.

Over the years Downes became the longest-serving member of Asia. He also released solo albums, sometimes as The New Dance Orchestra. since 2011 he’s worked with Yes and Asia. Along the way, he made it into the Guinness Book of Records by performing with a record 28 keyboards on stage during one performance.

And Horn? Well, he produced some of the hottest acts of the 80s and worked on some of the greatest singles of all time, many of which went to number 1, so we’ll see his name a lot in years to come. Grace Jones, Dollar, Malcom McLaren, Yes, Frankie Goes To Hollywood and Pet Shop Boys all benefitted from his magic touch. Relax, one of the greatest chart-toppers of the decade, was, bar Holly Johnson’s brilliant vocal, all Horn’s work. He also co-formed avant-garde synth pop group Art of Noise, in 1983. Such was his influence, he became known as ‘The Man Who Invented the Eighties’.

In the 90s Horn worked with Seal, Paul McCartney and Tom Jones, to name but three. In 2002 he produced the number 1 All the Things She Said for Russian duo t.A.T.u. It’s worth noting that in 2009 he produced the Robbie Williams album Reality Killed the Video Star, which showcased their mutual disdain for shows like The X Factor.

In 2006 he formed supergroup The Producers, featuring, among others, Lol Creme of 10cc. They’re now known as The Trevor Horne Band. He’s also worked with current stars including John Legend and performs with Dire Straits Legacy.

The Outro

Horn and Downes have reformed The Buggles briefly several times since 1998. It wasn’t until 2010 that the first ever actual concert, billed as ‘The Lost Gig’, finally happened. This fundraiser for the Royal Hospital for Nero-disability saw them perform The Age of Plastic in its entirety, with help from a cavalcade of stars including Creme, Alison Moyet, Gary Barlow and Richard O’Brien.

In 2017 Horn announced that he, Downes and Woolley were working on a musical called The Robot Sings. Based on The Tempest, it would feature The Buggles’ number 1, plus new compositions by Downes.

The Info

Written by

Bruce Woolley, Trevor Horn & Geoff Downes

Producers

The Buggles

Weeks at number 1

1 (20-26 October)

Meanwhile…

23 October: All remaining foreign exchange controls were abolished.

24 October: Welcome home to ITV! After 10 weeks of industrial action, the ITV strike came to an end.