Wuthering Heights

433. Blondie – Heart of Glass (1979)

/ robbarker1979

The Intro

Simultaneously one of the hottest and coolest new wave bands, US six-piece Blondie were also one of the most successful, notching up five UK number 1s in under two years (and another in 1999). Heart of Glass melded new wave, rock, disco and pop with a slither of punk attitude, and it’s their best single.

Before

Blondie’s beginnings start back in New York in 1973. Guitarist Chris Stein joined rock band the Stilettoes. He began a romantic relationship with one of their vocalists – Debbie Harry. She had been a waitress, a Playboy Bunny and a member of folk-rock group the Wind in the Willows in the late-60s. Harry and Stein decided to leave the Stilettoes and start a new band in 1974. Together with former bandmates Billy O’Connor on drums and Fred Smith on bass, they became Angel and the Snake that August.

Two months later and with only two gigs under their belts, they changed their name to Blondie. As the whole world knows, Harry was one of the most beautiful women in the world, and would turn heads wherever she went. Among no doubt filthier shouts, lorry drivers would bark ‘Hey, blondie!’ at her as they drove by her walking down the street.

Fast forward to spring 1975 and Blondie’s line-up had changed several times – including experimenting with female backing singers. Drummer Clem Burke then joined them, along with Gary Valentine on bass. They became regular performers at hip joints CBGB and Max’s Kansas City, wowing crowds with power-pop and Harry’s stage presence. A few months later they recruited keyboardist Jimmy Destri to fill out their sound.

Signing with Private Stock Records, their eponymous debut LP was released in December 1976. It made little of an impression, and first single X Offender sank without trace, despite them supporting Iggy Pop on tour. However, the follow-up In the Flesh became a number two hit in Australia after being played by accident on TV (they were supposed to be showing X Offender).

Blondie decided to buy back their contract and switched to the British label Chrysalis Records. Blondie was re-released on Chrysalis in October 1977 and the critics began to take note. Nevertheless Valentine left the group and they recorded second album Plastic Letters as a four-piece, released in 1978.

The first single from the album Denis (a cover of a 1963 song by Randy and the Rainbows) finally saw their commercial stock rise – all the way to number two in the UK, where the music papers made a story out of Harry battling it out for the top spot with another strong female pop star, namely Kate Bush, who won out with Wuthering Heights. Denis did reach the top spot in the Netherlands and Belgium though, and when the next 7-inch, (I’m Always Touched by Your) Presence, Dear peaked at 10 in the UK, it seemed Blondie were here to stay. They were.

Hiring Frank Infante on guitar and British bassist Nigel Harrison, the six-strong Blondie toured the UK and became one of the first new wave acts to hit the mainstream. Here at last was a rock group in which the men stayed out of the spotlight. It shone fully on Harry, who had star power like few others at the time.

In a clear attempt to really leave their mark on the pop scene, Blondie worked with a big-name producer. Australian Mike Chapman had been half of ‘Chinnichap’ with Nicky Chinn. Together they wrote and produced glam rock number 1 classics by The Sweet, Mud and Suzi Quatro. The latter proved particularly appropriate, as Chapman had experience in helping female rock stars climb the charts with catchy commercial pop songs.

Blondie’s Chapman-produced third album Parallel Lines was released in September 1978. first single Picture This climbed to 12 and Hanging on the Telephone peaked at five. Their first number 1 was next.

Heart of Glass was one of Blondie’s earliest tracks. Originally known as Once I Had a Love, it was written by Harry and Stein and 1974 and demoed a year later. Although slower and funkier than the released version, It had a disco influence right from the start, having been influenced by one of the genre’s earliest hits – The Hues Corporation’s Rock the Boat (1974). Harry later recounted that the lyrics to Heart of Glass weren’t directed personally to a former love of hers, it was written as a ‘plaintive moan about lost love’. They tried it as a ballad and even reggae over the years, but it never quite worked.

Blondie remained in thrall to disco, to the consternation of some rock die-hards, over the years, occasionally adding dance floor hits to their setlists. Harry expressed her love of the work of producer Giorgio Moroder in the NME early in 1978, and the band surprised a CBGB crowd with a cover of Donna Summer’s I Feel Love later that year.

When it came to meeting Chapman to start work on Parallel Lines, the producer asked Blondie to show him what they could record. At the end he asked if there was anything else, and the band sheepishly decided to perform Heart of Glass. Despite their reticence, Chapman loved it and saw a potential hit. Blondie began to agree, but having also become fans of Kraftwerk, wanted to recreate the futuristic sounds of the German innovators as well as Moroder’s hits.

The six-piece assembled at the Record Plant in New York in June 1978 to record Heart of Glass. Unusually at the time, a rock band chose to build the song around a drum machine. The Roland CR-78 had only been released earlier that year, and it was Stein and Destri who introduced it to the studio, having bought one from a store in Manhattan. Destri in particular had a lot to do with the sound of Heart of Glass and brought in some synthesisers. Other technology used in the production included the Roland SH-5 and Minimoog.

Review

Heart of Glass is one of my favourite number 1s of the 70s and one I’ll never tire of. It never dates either. You could argue the 80s began right here and it certainly had an influence on music over the next few years. It’s icy, cool as fuck and one of the greatest disco tracks of all time – despite not actually being that easy to dance to. I love the lyrics, which suit Harry’s ‘not arsed mate’ attitude. Yes, she was once in love. She’s not any more, and you only have to listen to the first few lines to know she’s totally over it.

The lyrics to Heart of Glass are fascinating. What actually is a heart of glass? Does she have a heart of glass or does he? If it’s him, does she mean she’s cut herself because of him? Or does she mean she’s discovered her heart is fragile and he broke it into pieces? Hard to tell, because although she’s given the impression she’s moved on, the choruses suggest otherwise. In the second one Harry suggests he’s cheated on her, and she sings ‘I’m the one you’re using, please don’t push me aside’. ‘Mucho mistrust’ also suggests infidelity.

It’s worth noting that, as far as I can tell, Heart of Glass is the first chart-topper to contain a swear word of sorts. Blondie decided to try and get away with one instance of ‘Soon turned out, it was a pain in the ass’ in both the single and album mixes. It soon got replaced on the radio with another ‘heart of glass’, but good on them for trying! The song then ends on that catchy-as-hell, resigned ‘Ooh ooh ooh, ah-ah’, which comes across as another ‘ah, fuck it’.

With Heart of Glass, Blondie and Chapman really melded those influences of Moroder and Kraftwerk together to create something unique. Like I Feel Love, it feels like it could go on forever and that wouldn’t be a bad thing. I listened to 45 minutes of different versions of this in one go and I only began to tire towards the end. And like Kraftwerk, its machine-like, but scratch the surface and there’s human emotions underneath.

For the single, Chapman beefed up the sound and accentuated the double-tracked bass drum. For me, the best version is the 5:50 ‘Disco Version’ released as a 12-inch. Unlike a lot of 12-inch mixes of the time, it doesn’t sound like bits have been unnecessarily tacked on. It sounds like the natural version, just for letting the rhythm stretch out that bit longer.

The promo video to Heart of Glass was directed by Stanley Dorfman, a British director who did just that on the very first edition of Top of the Pops. The film begins with aerial shots of New York, slowly revolving like a mirrorball, before showing the streets of the city and landmarks including the Ed Sullivan Theatre and Studio 54. Although we’re meant to get the suggestion the latter is where this is filmed, it was actually made in a long-forgotten, short-lived club.

The rest of the video alternates between close-ups of Harry miming and mid-distance shots of the rest of the band ‘performing’. Harry looks particularly drop-dead gorgeous here, her hair slightly dishevelled, in a silver dress with one shoulder strap. Her bored, slightly pissed-off performance really suits the song and apparently came about through a genuine sulk. Harry wanted to dance but she was told to stay still. She wasn’t keen on Dorfman after that and didn’t appreciate all the close-ups. Nonetheless, it’s an iconic performance.

After

Heart of Glass was a deserved global smash and number 1 in most countries, including the US. Harry became a pin-up and hero to millions of teens and were a breath of fresh air. With this song toppling Hit Me with Your Rhythm Stick, 1979 was shaping up to be a hell of a year for pop.

The Info

Written by

Debbie Harry & Chris Stein

Producer

Mike Chapman

Weeks at number 1

4 (3 February-2 March)

Trivia

Births

13 February: Labour MP Rachel Reeves

2 March: Comedian Jocelyn Jee Esien

Deaths

14 February: Conservative MP Reginald Maudling – 14 February

19 February: Comedian Wee Georgie Wood

Meanwhile…

9 February: Trevor Francis signed for Nottingham Forest. He was the first player to sign a deal worth £1 million.

12 February: The Winter of Discontent continued, with more than 1,000 schools closed due to the heating oil shortage caused by the lorry drivers’ strike.

14 February: Talks between unions and the government, known as the ‘Saint Valentine’s Day Concordat’ marked the end to the Winter of Discontent.

15 February: However, the damage was done. Opinion polls showed the Tories up to 20 points ahead of Labour.

22 February: Saint Lucia became independent of the UK.

1 March: Scotland voted for a Scottish Assembly in the devolution referendum. However this was less than 40% of the electorate, which meant it wasn’t followed through.
Also on this day, Wales voted against devolution.

420. Kate Bush – Wuthering Heights (1978)

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The Intro

Only 19 when this debut single was released, Wuthering Heights introduced the world to one of our most unique singer-songwriters. In an era where ABBA rip-off merchants could get to the top of the charts with dated pap, this Kate Bush song captured the hearts and minds of record buyers while being based on a 19th-century Gothic classic by Emily Brontë. Good work, record buyers.

Before

Catherine Bush was born 30 July 1958 in Bexleyheath, Kent to Doctor Robert Bush and his wife Hannah, an Irish staff nurse. She grew up in their East Wickham farmhouse surrounded by artistic people. Robert was an amateur pianist, Hannah an amateur traditional Irish dancer and her elder brothers John and Paddy were both involved in the local folk scene.

Bush was only 11 when she taught herself how to play the piano. She would also play an organ that was in the barn behind her parents’ house and studied the violin. By 13 she was composing her own songs and writing lyrics too.

The nascent musical prodigy attended St Joseph’s Convent Grammar School in Abbey Wood. A demo tape was put together by the Bush family featuring over 50 of her compositions but record labels kept turning it down. Fate intervened when she was 16 however, when family friend Ricky Hopper passed the tape on to Pink Floyd guitarist Dave Gilmour, then working on Wish You Were Here.

Gilmour was intrigued and captivated by Bush’s talent and strange singing voice and he decided to pay her a visit. Blown away by watching her perform, he decided the world needed to hear her and he arranged for a more professional demo to be recorded. Produced by Andrew Powell and former Beatles sound engineer Geoff Emerick, the demo saw Bush get signed by EMI executive Terry Slater.

With the large advance she received, Bush enrolled in interpretive dance classes taught by Lindsay Kemp, who had taught a pre-fame David Bowie. She spent more time on her education than recording for the first two years of her contract but left school after her mock A-levels. From there she fronted the KT Bush Band and began performing in London pubs during the summer of 1977.

It was during this time she set to work on her debut LP, The Kick Inside, which featured Gilmour along with other progressive rock stalwarts. EMI wanted her first single to be James and the Cold Gun but Bush had other ideas. In an early sign of her determination for creative control, she insisted her introduction to the public should be Wuthering Heights.

On 5 March 1977, aged 18, Bush had enjoyed a repeat of a 1967 BBC adaptation of Wuthering Heights and wrote the song late that night within a few hours. Upon reading Emily Brontë’s 1847 novel, she discovered she shared her birthday with the author. Written from the perspective of the character Catherine Earnshaw, only those who know the story would realise the wild and passionate Cathy is a ghost, haunting her beloved Heathcliff. Bush paraphrased the line ‘Let me in your window – I’m so cold!’ from the book itself and built the chorus around it.

The song was recorded one summer night, with Bush’s vocal laid down on the first take. She also played the piano. Backing her were the album’s producer and arranger Andrew Powell on bass and celeste, former Steve Harley and Cockney Rebel member Duncan Mackay on Hammond organ, former Pilot singer David Paton on acoustic guitar, Ian Bairnson, also from Pilot, played the famous guitar solo, drummer Stuart Elliott (also from Steve Harley and Cockney Rebel), Morris Pert on percussion and orchestral contractor David Katz. The production team, with Bush, began mixing at midnight and finished at five or six in the early hours of the morning.

Review

From that beautiful piano opening to the heroic guitar ringing out over the fade, Wuthering Heights is a dark, quirky delight. Bush’s voice isn’t for everyone and I’ll hold my hand up to being someone who can only take it in relatively short doses, but here it commands your attention. As Cathy, Bush recounts her tempestuous relationship with Heathcliff in the opening verse (‘I hated you. I loved you, too’). In the second verse, she’s about ‘to lose the fight’ and pass away, before her triumphant spectral return in the chorus. One of the highlights is the verse where Cathy’s need for Heathcliff is all-consuming: ‘Ooh! Let me have it/Let me grab your soul away’. It’s stirring, it’s wonderful, it’s a startlingly good number 1.

The first video of Wuthering Heights, made for the UK and Europe features an iconic performance by Bush, portraying the ghost of Cathy and dancing in a white dress in white mist. The alternative version for the US market featured Bush in a red dress dancing in grass.

After a two-month delay due to Bush being unhappy with the record sleeve (you’ll notice more and more single artwork featuring in the blog now), Wuthering Heights was released early in 1978 and thanks to lots of Radio 1 airplay it shot up the charts and beat Blondie to their first number 1 with Denis. Bush had become the first British woman to get to number 1 with a self-penned song.

After

Bush’s second single, the lovely The Man with the Child in His Eyes, was the same version on the demo which gained her a record contract. It peaked at six. Despite Wow reaching 14 in 1979, her second album Lionheart failed to match the success of her first. she underwent an exhausting tour combining music, dance, poetry, mime, burlesque, magic and theatre in which Bush was involved in every aspect of the show. During the tour she became the first pop star of note to have a microphone strapped to her face (courtesy of a self-made construction of wire coat hangers). Babooshka, from third album Never for Ever, reached five in 1980. This album saw the introduction of synthesisers and drum machines to her sound.

In 1982 Bush released the self-produced album The Dreaming, which baffled critics with its weirdness, yet spawned a number 11 single with Sat in Your Lap. The title track originally featured Rolf Harris, but since the obvious he’s been removed and replaced.

For her next album, 1985’s Hounds of Love, Bush had a private studio built so she could work at her own pace. The result was an excellent collection of pop art featuring my favourite track by her, Running Up That Hill (A Deal with God), which peaked at three and had a profound effect on me as a young boy. Cloudbusting later became the basis of Utah Saints’ Something Good and is another Bush banger, as is the title track. When Dolly Parton turned Peter Gabriel down, Bush featured on his 1986 duet Don’t Give Up, a number nine hit. That year also saw the release of a compilation The Whole Story, for which Bush rerecorded her vocal for Wuthering Heights.

In 1987 Bush was at number 1 again due to her appearance on a cover of The Beatles’ Let It Be, a charity single by a group of pop stars known as Ferry Aid, after the MS Herald of Free Enterprise capsized, killing 193 passengers and crew. 1989 saw her release The Sensual World, an LP she described as her most personal and honest yet. The title track reached 12, as did a cover of Elton John’s Rocket Man two years later and then Rubberband Girl two years after that. It was the first release from her seventh album The Red Shoes. This LP divided opinion among her fans due to the simplified production, designed to create a live sound.

A planned year-long hiatus after The Red Shoes lasted much longer and she became a virtual recluse. It is believed that in this time Bush grieved the loss of several friends and her mother, who had died of cancer in 1992. She became a mother in 1998 and devoted her time to raising her son Bertie. Stories would occasionally emerge of Bush – I remember one where she invited an EMI executive over. The label were very excited, assuming she had finally made a new album. Instead she revealed she’d baked a cake.

In 2005 Bush made a triumphant return with the album Aerial. The single King of the Mountain peaked at four, her highest chart placing in 20 years. It was another six years before she released Director’s Cut, comprising reworked tracks from The Sensual World and The Red Shoes, recorded with analogue rather than digital equipment. A proper new album, 50 Words for Snow, also came out in 2011, featuring Elton John. She turned down an offer to appear at the 2012 Olympics Closing Ceremony but a remix of Running Up That Hill was played in her absence and reached 12 in the charts.

Two years later Bush shocked critics and fans alike by announcing her first live dates since 1979. Before the Dawn was a 22-night residency at the Hammersmith Apollo. It was a huge success, with an album released two years later. she became the first female artist to have eight albums in the top 40 simultaneously.

The Outro

Bush is a national treasure. Totally unique and an amazing talent. While watching her video to Wuthering Heights on a repeat of Top of the Pops, my eldest daughter, then around four, sat entranced and declared at the end that ‘That Katie Bush is a funny onion’. I hope the performance has stayed with her.

The Info

Written by

Kate Bush

Producer

Andrew Powell

Weeks at number 1

4 (11 March-7 April)

Trivia

Births

16 March: Labour MP Anneliese Dodds
22 March: Scottish field hockey player Samantha Judge
31 March: Footballer Stephen Clemence
3 April: Actor Matthew Goode
7 April: Blue singer Duncan James

Deaths

4 April: Aeronautics engineer Sir Morien Morgan

Meanwhile…

26 March: The Yorkshire Ripper looked to have claimed another life when the body of 21-year-old prostitute and mother-of-two Yvonne Pearson, who was last seen alive on 21 January, was found in Leeds.

30 March: The Conservative Party recruited up-and-coming advertising agency Saatchi & Saatchi to revamp their image.

3 April: Permanent radio broadcasts of proceedings in the House of Commons began.